Which of the following is a consequence of breaching crossing rules?

Breaching crossing rules can lead to exclusion from trading for a period. This consequence is designed to uphold market integrity and ensure that all participants adhere to fair trading practices. Crossing rules exist to prevent conflicts of interest and manipulative behavior, and when these rules are violated, regulatory bodies or exchanges may impose strict penalties to deter future violations.

The focus on exclusion from trading serves to maintain order and trust in the market, allowing participants to engage in trading activities without the fear of unfair practice or advantage. In many regulatory frameworks, maintaining a level playing field is crucial for the proper functioning of the market, and such penalties help reinforce that principle.

Other options, such as automatic suspension of all trading activities, increased trading fees, or access to restricted trading privileges, do not typically result from breaches of crossing rules. Instead, such breaches are generally addressed through specific penalties that align with maintaining compliance and promoting ethical trading behavior.